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Books at Bedtime by Calming Anxiety

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Sherlock Holmes, the sign of the four, chapter one, the science of deduction.

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Sherlock Holmes took his bottle from the corner of the mantelpiece and his hyperdermic syringe

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from its neat, marocco case.

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With his long, white, nervous fingers, he adjusted the delicate needle and rolled back his

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left shirt cuff.

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For some little time, his eyes rested thoughtfully upon the sinewy forearm and the wrist, all

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dotted and scarred with innumerable puncture marks.

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Finally, he thrust the sharp point home, pressed down the tiny piston and sank back into

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the velvete lined armchair with a long sigh of satisfaction.

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Three times a day, for many months, I had witnessed this performance, but custom had not

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reconciled my mind to it.

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On the contrary, from day to day, I had become more irritable at the sight and my conscience

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swelled nightly within me of the thought that I had lacked the courage to protest.

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Again and again, I had registered a vow that I should deliver my soul upon the subject.

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But there was that in the cool, nonchalant hair of my companion which made him the last

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man with whom one would care to take anything approaching to a liberty.

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His great powers, his masterly manner and the experience which I had of his many extraordinary

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qualities all made me different and backward in crossing him.

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Yet, upon this afternoon, whether it was the beyond which I had taken with my lunch,

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or the additional exasperation produced by the extreme deliberation of his manner, I suddenly

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felt that I could hold out no longer.

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Which is it today, I asked?

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Morphine or Cacane?

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He raised his eyes languidly from the old plaque less of volume which he had opened.

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"It is Cacane," he said.

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"A 7% solution?

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Would you care to try it?"

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"No, indeed, I answered brusquely."

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My constitution has not got over the Afghan campaign yet.

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I cannot afford to throw away any extra strain upon it.

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He smiled at my vehemence.

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Perhaps you are right, Watson, he said.

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I suppose that its influence is physically a bad one.

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I find it, however, so transcendently stimulating and clarifying to the mind that its second reaction

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is a matter of small moment.

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But consider, I said earnestly, "Count the cost.

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Your brain may, as you say, be roused and excited, but it is pathologically a morbid process,

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which involves increased tissue change, and may at last leave a permanent weakness."

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You know, too, what a black reaction comes upon you.

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Surely, the game is hardly worth the candle.

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Why should you, for a mere passing pleasure, risk the loss of those great powers with which

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you have been in doubt?

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Perhaps, that I speak not only is one comrade to another, but as a medical man, to one

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whose constitution hears some extent answerable.

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He did not seem offended.

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On the contrary, he put his fingertips together and leaned his elbows on his arms on a chair,

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like one who has a relish for conversation.

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My mind, he said, "Rebells at stagnation.

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Give me problems.

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Give me work.

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Give me the most obtuse cryptogram or the most intricate analysis.

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And I'm in my own proper atmosphere.

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I can dispense then with artificial stimulants, but I abhor the del routine of existence.

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I crave for mental exaltation.

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This is why I have chosen my own particular profession, or rather created it, for I am the only

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one in the world.

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The only unofficial detective I said, raising my eyebrows.

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The only unofficial consultant detective he answered, "I am the last and highest court of

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appeal in detection."

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When Gregson, or the Stride, or Athlean-Neigh-Jones are out of their depths, which, by the way,

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is their normal state.

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The matter is laid before me.

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I examine the data as an expert and pronounce a specialist's opinion.

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I claim no credit in such cases.

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My name figures in no newspaper.

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The work itself, the pleasure of finding a field for my peculiar powers, is my highest

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reward.

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But you have yourself had some experience of my methods of work in the Jefferson Hope

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case.

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Yes, indeed, said I cordially.

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I was never so struck by anything in my life.

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I even embodied it in a small brochure with the somewhat fantastic title of "A Study

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in Scarlet."

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He shook his head sadly.

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I glanced over it, said he, "honestly, I cannot congratulate you upon it.

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Detection is, or ought to be, an exact science, and should be treated in the same cold and

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unemotional manner."

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You have attempted to tinge it with romanticism, which produces much the same effect as if

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you worked a love story or an elotement into the fifth proposition of the Euclid.

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But the romance was there, I remonstrated.

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I could not tamper with the facts.

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Some facts should be suppressed, or at least a just sense of repulsion should be observed

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in treating them.

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The only point in the case, which deserved mention, was the curious, analytical reasoning from

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effects to causes by which I succeeded in unraveling it.

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I was annoyed at this criticism of a work which had been specially designed to please him.

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I confessed, too, that I was irritated by the Egotism which seemed to demand that every

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line of my pamphlet should be devoted to his own special doings.

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More than once during the years that I had lived with him in Baker Street, I had observed

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that a small vanity underlay my companions quite in didactic manner.

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I made no remark, however, but by sat nursing my wounded leg.

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I had a jazale bullet through it sometime before, and though it did not prevent me from walking,

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it ached wearily at every change of the weather.

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My practice has extended recently to the continent said Holmes, "After a while filling up

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his old, preer-root pipe."

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I was consulted last week by Francois Le Villeard, who, as you probably know, has come

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rather to the front lately in the French detective service.

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He has all the Celtic power of quick intration, but he is deficient in the wide range of exact

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knowledge which is essential to the higher developments of his art.

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The case was concerned with a will and possessed some features of interest.

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I was able to refer him to parallel casins, the one at Riga in 1857, and the other at St Louis

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in 1871, which have suggested to him the true solution.

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Here is a letter which I had this morning acknowledging my assistance.

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He tossed over, as he spoke, a crumpled sheet of foreign newspaper.

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I glanced my eyes down it, catching a profusion of notes of admiration, with stray,

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malefic and coup d'aumeur, or tour de force, all testifying to the ardent admiration of

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the Frenchman.

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He speaks as a pupil to his master said, "I, oh, he writes my assistance too highly," said

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Sherlock Holmes lightly.

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He has considered all gifts himself.

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He possesses two out of the three qualities necessary for the ideal detective.

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He has the power of observation and that of deduction.

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He is only wanting in knowledge, and that may come in time.

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He is now translating my small works into French.

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Your works?

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Oh, didn't you know he cried laughing?

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Yes, I have been guilty of several monographs.

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They are all upon technical subjects.

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Here, for example, is one.

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Upon the distinction between the ashes of various debackers.

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In it, I enumerate 140 forms of cigar, cigarette and pipe-tigger-backer, with coloured plates

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illustrating the difference in the ash.

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It is a point which is continually turning up in criminal trials, and which is sometimes

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of supreme importance as a clue.

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If you can say definitely, for example, that some murder had been done by a man who was smoking

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an Indian longa, it is obviously that it will narrow your field down of search.

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For the trained eye, there is as much difference between the black ash and that of the triconopoli,

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and the white fluff of bird's eye, as there is between a cabbage and a potato.

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You have an extraordinary genius for the minute eye, I remarked.

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I appreciate their importance.

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Here is my monograph upon the tracing of the footsteps, where some remarks upon the uses

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of plaster of Paris as a preserver of impresses.

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Here too is a curious little work upon the influence of the trade upon the form of the hand,

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with litthotypes of the hands of the slaters, sailors, court-cutters, compositors and weavers.

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This is a matter of great practical interest to the scientific detective, especially in

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the cases of unclean bodies or in discovering the antecedents of criminals.

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But I wear you with my hobby.

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Not at all I answered earnestly.

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It is of the greatest interest to me, especially since I have had the opportunity of observing

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your practical application of it.

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But you spoke just now of observation and deduction.

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Surely the one to some extent implies the other.

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Why, hardly, he answered, leaning back luxuriously in his armchair and sending up thick blue

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reeds from his pipe.

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For example, observation shows me that you have been to the Whittmore Street post office

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this morning.

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But deduction lets me know that when you are there you dispatched a telegram.

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Bright said I, right on both counts, but I confess that I don't see how you arrived at it.

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It was a sudden impulse upon my part and I have mentioned it to no one.

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It is simplicity itself you remarked, chuckling at my surprise.

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So absurdly simple, that an explanation is superfluous and yet it may serve to define the limits

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of observation and deduction.

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Observation tells me that you have a little reddish mould adhering to your inslet.

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Just opposite the Whittmore Street office they have taken up the pavement and thrown up

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some earth which lies in such a way that it is difficult to avoid treading in it on

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entering.

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The earth is of a very peculiar reddish tint which is found as far as I know, nowhere else

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in the neighbourhood.

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So much is observation, the rest is deduction.

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How then did you deduce the telegram?

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Why?

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Of course I knew that you had not written a letter since I sat opposite you to all morning.

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I see also in your open desk that you have a sheet of stamps and a thick bundle of postcards.

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What could you go into the post office for then but send a wire, eliminate all other factors

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and the one which remains must be the truth.

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In this case it certainly is so, I replied after a little thought.

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The thing however is as you say of the simplest.

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Would you think me impertinent if I were to put your theories to a more severe test?

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On the contrary you answered.

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It would prevent me from taking a second dose of cocaine.

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I should be delighted to look into any problem which you may submit to me.

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I have heard you say that it is difficult for a man to have any object in day use without

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leaving the impress of his individuality upon it in such a way that a trained observer might

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read it.

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Now, I have here a watch which was recently come into my possession.

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Would you have the kindness to let me have an opinion upon the character or the habits

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of the late owner?

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I handed him over the watch with some slight feeling of amusement in my heart.

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For the test was, as I thought, an impossible one.

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And as I intended, it has a lesson against the somewhat dogmatic tone which he occasionally

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assumed.

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He balanced the watch in his hand, gazed hard at the dial, opened the back and was in

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an exam in the works.

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First, with his naked eyes and then with a powerful convex lens.

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I could hardly keep from smiling at his crestful and face when he finally snapped the case

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too and handed it back.

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There were hardly any data he remarked.

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The watch has been recently cleaned which robs me of the most suggestive facts.

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"You are right," I answered.

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It was cleaned before being sent to me.

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In my heart, I had accused my companion of putting forward a most lame and impotent excuse

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to cover his failure.

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What data could he have expected from an unclean watch?

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The one satisfactory, "My research has not been entirely barren," he observed, staring

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up at the ceiling with creamy, black-luster eyes.

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Subject to your correction, I should judge that the watch belonged to your older brother

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who inherited it from your father.

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That you gather no doubt from the HW upon the back.

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Quite so.

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The W suggests your own name, the date of the watch is nearly fifty years back and the initials

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are as old as the watch.

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But it was made for the last generation.

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Georey usually descends to the eldest son and he is the most likely to have the same name

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as your father.

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Your father has, if I remember right, been dead many years.

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It was therefore been in the hands of the eldest brother.

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Right so far said I, anything else?

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He was a man of untidy habits, very untidy and careless.

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He was left with good prospects but he threw away his chance, lived for some time in poverty

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with occasional short intervals of prosperity and finally taking to drink.

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He died.

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That is all I can gather.

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I sprang from my chair and limped impatiently about the room with considerable bitterness

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in my heart.

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This is unworthy of you homes I said.

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I could not believe that you would have descended to this.

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You have made inquiries into the history of my unhappy brother and you now pretend to deduce

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this knowledge in some fanciful way.

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You cannot expect me to believe that you have read all this from an old watch.

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It is unkind and to speak plainly, has a touch of charlatanism about it.

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My dear doctor said he kindly, pray accept my apologies.

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Viewing the matter is an abstract problem.

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I had forgotten how personal and painful this thing might be to you.

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I assure you, however, that I have never even knew that you had a brother until you handed

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me the watch.

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Then the how in the name of all that is wonderful, did you get these facts?

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They are absolutely correct in every particular.

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Ah, that is good luck.

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I could only say what was the balance of probability?

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I did not at all expect to be so accurate.

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But it was not me a guesswork.

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No, no.

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I never guess it is a shocking habit destructive to the logical faculty.

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What seems strange to you is only so because you do not follow my train of thought or observe

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the small facts upon which large inferences made a bit of bending.

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For example, I began by stating that your brother was careless.

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When you observe the lower part of that watch case, you notice that it is not only dented

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into places, but it is cut and marked all over from the habit of keeping other hard objects

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such as coins or keys in the same pocket.

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Surely, it is no great feat to assume that a man who treats a 50-giny watch so cavalierly

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must be a careless man.

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Neither is it at very far-fetched inference that a man who inherits one article of such value

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is pretty well provided for in other areas.

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I nodded to show that I followed his reasoning.

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It is very customary for porn brokers in England when they take a watch to scratch the number

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of the ticket with a pinpoint upon the inside of the case.

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It is more handy than a label, and there is no risk the number being lost or transposed.

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There are no less than four such numbers visible to my lens on the inside of this case.

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Inference, that your brother was often at low water.

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Secondary inference that he had occasional bursts of prosperity or he could not have redeemed

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the pledge.

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Finally, I asked you to look at the inner plate, which contains the keyhole.

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Look at the thousands of scratches all around the home marks where the key has slipped.

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Soba Man's key could have scored those grooves, but you will never see a drunkard's watch

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without them.

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He winds it at night and he leaves those traces of his unsteady hand.

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Where is the mystery in all this?

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It is as clear as daylight I answered.

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I regret the injustice which I did you.

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I should have been more faithful in your marvellous faculty.

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May I ask whether you have any professional inquiry on foot at present?

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None, hence the cocaine.

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I cannot live without brain work.

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What helps is there to live for?

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Stand at the window here.

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Wars every such a dreary, disamable and profitable world.

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See how the yellow fog swirls down the street and grips across the done coloured houses.

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What could be more hopelessly priseic and material?

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What is the use of having powers, doctor, when one has no field upon which to exert them?

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Crime is commonplace.

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Existence is commonplace, and no qualities save those which are commonplace have any function

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upon the earth.

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I had opened my mouth to reply to his tarad, when, with a crisp knock, our land lady entered,

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bearing a card upon a brass salver.

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"A young lady for you," she said, addressing my companion.

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"Miss Mary Morstin," he read.

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"Hum, I have no recollection of the name.

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Ask the young lady to step up, Mrs. Hudson.

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Don't go, doctor, I should prefer you to remain."

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