Welcome to another episode of Microsoft Knowledge Nuggets.
I'm Mirko Peters.
Today's topic is one that almost everyone learning data
science or machine learning runs into.
You've watched a few tutorials, you've got the basics down,
but there's one thing that keeps stopping you cold.
You don't have any interesting data to practice with.
You start searching for public data sets
and that's when the trouble begins.
You find a government website with weather data,
which is great, but the files are in some weird format
you've never seen.
The column names don't make sense
and half the values are missing.
You spend hours just trying to open the thing
and by the time you've cleaned it up enough to actually use,
the excitement is gone.
I've been there and it's frustrating.
Today's episode removes that barrier completely.
By the end of this episode,
you'll know what Azure Open Data Sets is
and how to grab free, ready to use data in minutes
without any scraping, cleaning or headaches.
Let's dive in.
What Azure Open Data Sets actually is.
So what exactly is Azure Open Data Sets?
Here's the simplest definition.
It's a free library of public data sets
that Microsoft has already cleaned and hosted on Azure.
Think of it like a library
where someone else has already checked every book
for torn pages, fixed the spelling errors,
and put everything in alphabetical order
so you just walk in and grab what you need.
Now this is important.
It's not a separate paid service you have to sign up for
or some premium add-on.
It's just data sitting in Azure storage that you can access.
That's it.
Microsoft has taken public data sets
from places like NOAA, the US Census Bureau and City Governments
and they've done all the hard work
of normalizing the schemers, fixing inconsistencies
and setting up refreshed schedules
so the data stays current.
Contrast that with the old way of doing things.
You'd find a data set on some government site,
download a zip file full of CSV files
each with a different format,
open them up and find missing values,
weird date formats and columns
that don't match between files.
Then you'd spend hours, sometimes days,
writing code to clean it all up.
And by the time you were done,
you weren't even sure you'd done it right.
Microsoft handles all of that.
They normalize the data into consistent schemers,
fix the gaps and store it in Park A format,
a columnar storage format that makes queries lightning fast.
If you've ever tried to query a giant CSV file
and waited forever for it to load,
you'll appreciate what Park A does.
It's optimized for analytics,
so your queries run much faster than they would
on plain text files.
Here's the key point, the data itself is free
and Microsoft pays for the storage always.
You only pay for compute if you process it
and we'll talk about that later.
But the data sitting in Azure Storage costs you nothing.
Let me give you an analogy to make this concrete.
Imagine you're moving into a new office building.
In the old way of doing things,
you'd get a pile of lumber, dry wool, wiring and plumbing fixtures
and you'd have to build each room yourself from scratch.
That's what working with raw public data feels like.
Azure Open Data Sets is the opposite.
These are pre-built rooms of data you can walk into.
The weather room is already furnished,
the census room has everything labeled and organized.
You don't have to assemble anything,
you just walk in and start working.
The problem Open Data Sets solves,
so why did Microsoft build this,
what problem were they trying to solve?
Let's break it down.
Discovery is the first problem.
You need reliable public data, but finding it takes time.
There are hundreds of government websites,
academic repositories and data portals out there.
Some are well maintained, some are abandoned
and some make you fill out forms or agree to licenses
before you can download anything.
Just finding a clean, usable dataset might chew up days of searching.
Then there's the preparation problem.
Raw data from government sources is messy, inconsistent and full of gaps.
Take the NOA weather data.
It comes from thousands of weather stations around the world,
each reporting in slightly different formats.
Some stations report temperature in Celsius, others in Fahrenheit,
some record precipitation, others don't.
And some have years of clean data,
while others have huge gaps where the sensor was broken.
Cleaning that up by hand is miserable work,
scale is another problem.
Some of these datasets are huge.
The weather data covers decades.
The NYC Taxi Data has hundreds of millions of trips,
the satellite imagery sits in petabytes.
Moving that much data to your compute environment is slow and costly.
If you're running a machine learning model on a cloud VM,
you don't want to spend hours downloading data
before you can even start training.
And finally, reproducibility matters.
When you're running experiments, you need your data to be consistent.
If you download a dataset today and your colleague downloads it next week,
you need the same thing.
Curated, documented datasets make experiments repeatable.
You can publish your results and someone else can verify them
using the exact same data.
Now, let's clear up a myth.
Most people think machine learning is just about the algorithm.
But the real insight from Microsoft is that most machine learning problems
are impacted by real world factors.
Weather, holidays, demographics, economic conditions.
If you're trying to predict sales, knowing whether it's a holiday
or a rainy Tuesday makes a huge difference.
But if you're predicting energy consumption, temperature, and time of day matter.
If you're modeling insurance risk, neighborhood demographics are critical.
Without these external signals, your model is missing context.
It's like trying to predict traffic patterns
without knowing what time of day it is.
You might get some patterns right, but you'll miss the big picture.
And that's the core of the time to data problem.
It can take weeks of work just to get usable data.
Weeks of searching, downloading, cleaning, and validating.
By the time the data is ready, the business question might have changed.
Azure Open Data Set collapses that timeline from weeks to minutes.
What's in the catalog?
Weather and holidays.
Let's dive into what's actually in this catalog.
The first data set almost everyone finds useful is weather data.
Microsoft hosts the NOAA Weather Data Set.
It gives you historical and near real-time readings
from weather stations all over the world.
We're talking temperature, precipitation, wind speed,
barometric pressure, the kind of data that affects everything
from what people buy to how much energy they use.
And it covers decades of data updated regularly.
So if you want to look at weather patterns from the 1990s
or pull last week's readings, it's all in there.
Now, weather data is great.
But here's the thing, there's another data set
that pairs with it perfectly.
Public holidays, Microsoft has a holiday's data set
covering 38 countries from 1970 all the way to 2019.
So you can look backward for historical analysis
or forward for planning.
It gives you country-specific holiday flags for any day
to change.
It's in there.
Want to check if that Monday and August is a bank holiday
in the UK, one query, and you've got it.
Why are these two data sets so powerful together?
Weather and holidays dramatically improve
time series predictions.
Think about retail sales forecasting.
If you're trying to predict how many units of a product
you'll sell next week, knowing that it's a holiday
and that it's going to rain can cut your prediction
error by double digits.
That's not a small improvement.
That's the difference between having
too much inventory, sitting in a warehouse, and running out
of stock on your best selling item.
And here's the thing, most companies
don't have this data internally.
They have their sales data, sure,
but they don't have a clean, reliable source
of weather history or holiday calendars.
So they either build it themselves, which takes time
or they go without, which hurts their predictions.
Azure Open Data Set gives them that missing piece instantly,
but weather and holidays are just the beginning.
What's in the catalog?
Census, demographics, and socioeconomic data.
The next category matters if you're building models
that predict something about people.
It's census and demographic data.
Microsoft hosts US Census data covering population,
income, education levels, and age distribution.
And it's available at different geographic levels,
no state, county, even census tract.
So you can grab the median household income
for a specific neighborhood or the population breakdown
by age group for an entire state.
And there's also the US labor force statistics data set
that gives you employment rates, labor participation numbers,
and industry breakdowns.
You can see how many people work in manufacturing
versus services in a given region
or how unemployment has changed over time.
Why does this matter for beginners?
Because if you want to build a model
that predicts something about people,
this is the perfect place to start.
And here's a real example.
Imagine you're building a model for an insurance company.
You have claims data, ages, amounts,
but your model isn't accurate
because you're missing context about where these people live.
So you enrich that data with census income
and education statistics.
Suddenly, the model sees patterns it missed before.
People in lower income areas file different claims
and higher education levels change risk profiles.
The model gets better because it has more information
about the real world.
That's what makes Azure Open Data Sets valuable for beginners.
You don't need to be a data engineer
to pull census data into your project.
It's already cleaned and ready.
Join it with your own data
and your analysis gain steps it didn't have before.
What's in the catalog?
Mobility, public safety, and health care.
The classic beginner favorite is the NYC TaxiTrips Data Set.
It's one of the most well-known public data sets out there
millions of trip records would pick up
and drop off times locations and fares.
Every yellow taxi trip in New York generates a record
where they got in, where they got out,
how much it cost, how long it took.
It's a great data set for learning data analysis.
Why do beginners love it?
Because it's interesting and visual,
load it into Power BI and start making maps
of where people travel most.
See how fares change throughout the day, spot patterns,
which neighborhoods get busy at rush hour,
which airports generate the most trips,
however affects ride volume.
It tells the story,
so learning feels like solving a puzzle, not doing homework.
Public safety data is next.
Microsoft hosts the San Francisco Safety Data,
which records crime incidents with type, location,
and timestamp.
Again, perfect for beginners because the data is immediately
meaningful.
Build hotspot maps, analyze crime patterns by time of day,
it shows how open data supports real civic projects.
City planners and police use this to decide
where to deploy resources.
Then there's the COVID-19 data lake.
It's not just one data set.
It combines multiple sources, patient outcomes, testing,
hospital capacity, policy, mobility.
During the pandemic, researchers used it to track the virus,
model it, spread, and evaluate interventions.
That shows how open data sets can have real world impact
when they're accessible.
These three data sets, taxi trips, public safety,
and COVID-19 share something important.
They're not abstract.
You don't need to be an expert to understand them.
The data is about real people, places, and events.
That makes learning easier.
There are also benchmark data sets
for people learning ML specifically.
What's in the catalog?
Benchmark ML data sets.
So you've got all this real world data from the previous section.
But what if you're following a tutorial
and you just need a clean, simple data set
to practice a specific technique?
Azure Open Data Set has you covered there, too.
Think of it like a toolbox.
You have your power tools for big jobs,
but sometimes you just need a simple hammer to learn the basics.
That's what these benchmark data sets are for.
Take the diabetes data set with 442 samples and 10 features.
It's a classic regression problem
you'll see in textbooks and tutorials all the time.
And it's available right in Azure Open Data sets,
ready to load into Azure ML.
If you're learning automated ML,
this is a great data set to start with.
Small enough to iterate quickly,
but real enough to teach you the workflow.
Then there's the Microsoft News Data Set,
called Mind for Short,
which is for people interested in recommendation systems.
It's a large-scale benchmark
with user interactions, news content, and metadata.
If you want to build a news recommendation engine,
the kind of thing that powers the recommended
for use section on news websites.
This is the data set to practice on.
It's the same kind of data that real recommendation systems use.
And there's even a simulated OJ sales data set,
built specifically to show how Azure ML scales.
You can train thousands of models simultaneously on this data,
which is a great way to understand parallel processing
and hyper parameter tuning.
Here's the thing.
If you're following an Azure ML tutorial and you need data,
it's probably already in this catalog.
Microsoft has made sure that the data sets used in their documentation
and learning paths are available through Open Data sets.
So you don't have to go searching for the exact file,
the tutorial uses.
It's already there.
But having a great catalog is useless
if you can't actually get the data.
How to access Open Data sets, Python, Power BI, and Azure ML.
So you've seen what's in the catalog,
but now the real question is,
how do you actually get this data into your hands?
The answer depends on which tool you're using,
but there are multiple paths,
and some of them don't even require an Azure account.
Let's break it down.
The simplest option is Python.
From any Python environment, no Azure account needed,
Microsoft publishes a Python package called Azure ML Open Data sets.
You install it with PIP,
then import any data set directly,
for example, from Azure ML.
Open Data sets, import NOAD weather.
You specify a start date and an end date,
and the package handles the rest.
It downloads the relevant files from Azure Storage,
processes them, and hands you back a pandas data frame.
That's it.
Three lines of code, and you've got decades of weather data
ready to analyze.
This works from Jupyter Notebook, VS Code,
any Python environment you're comfortable with.
Inside Azure Machine Learning, the process is even smoother.
You open your workspace, go to the data section, click Create,
and then choose from Azure Open Data sets.
A catalog pops up showing you everything available.
You browse through, pick the data set you want,
filter it by date range or geographic area,
and register it to your workspace.
Once it's registered, as your ML generates a code snippet automatically,
that you can use in any pipeline or experiment,
so you don't have to remember the storage parts or the import syntax.
It's all handled for you.
What about Power BI?
This is where things get interesting for analysts who don't write code.
You can use the Azure Blob Storage connector in Power BI
and point it to the public storage URL
that Microsoft documents for each data set.
So if you want to pull NYC Taxi Data into a dashboard,
you find the storage URL on the data sets overview page,
plug it into Power BI and start building visualizations.
Weather data, taxi trips, public safety incidents,
all of it available directly in your reports
without any intermediate data engineering.
For the SEAL crowd, there's Azure Synapse.
You can query open data sets using the open-roadset function
against the public block paths.
This is serverless SQL, meaning you don't need to provision any storage upfront,
you just write a query and Synapse goes and reads the data directly from where it lives.
Want to ask how many taxi trips happened on Christmas Day in 2019?
You write one SQL query and you've got your answer in seconds.
And if you're using Azure Databricks,
the same Python SDK works in Databricks notebooks,
but you can use Spark DataFrames instead of Pandas,
which matters when you're working with larger data sets.
The NYC Taxi Data has millions of records.
Pandas can handle that, but Spark handles it better.
Same import, same syntax, just with Spark under the hood.
Here's the common thread across all of these methods.
Microsoft publishes the storage account URLs for every data set,
and those URLs are public.
Anyone can access them from any tool.
The Azure Open Data Set SDK is just a convenience layer on top.
If you wanted to, you could write your own code
to read the raw-parkay files directly from those storage URLs.
The SDK just makes it easier by handling the date filtering and conversion for you.
The cost question, is it really free?
This is the question everyone asks.
Is it really free?
The short answer is yes, and also no.
Here's why it goes both ways.
Actually, the data itself is completely free.
Microsoft pays for the storage always.
It's not a promotion or a limited time offer.
It's built into the design of the service.
They host it, they pay the bills,
and you access it without spending a cent on the data itself.
But here's where the costs come in.
You pay for compute.
That means if you spin up a virtual machine to process the data,
you pay for that VM.
A Databricks cluster analyzing millions of taxi trips,
you pay for that cluster.
If you use Synapse Serverless SQL,
you pay for the queries you run.
These are standard Azure costs.
They aren't specific to Open Data Sets,
then there's Egress.
This one can catch you off-guard.
If you move data across Azure regions
or move it out of Azure entirely,
you pay Egress charges.
Typical pricing is around 8 to 9 cents per gigabyte.
That doesn't sound like much until you're moving terabytes.
And some of these data sets are huge.
The weather data alone covers decades and multiple weather stations,
reading it all from a different region adds up quickly.
There's also the cost of your own storage.
Maybe you copy data into your own storage accounts
because you want to keep a snapshot or transform it.
You pay for that storage at standard Azure rates.
Microsoft is transparent about this.
If a data set has Egress charges,
you'll find it documented on the overview page, no surprise bills.
But you need to check before pulling large amounts of data across regions.
Here's the key tip for beginners.
Keep your compute in the same region as the data set.
Every data set has a specified region where it's hosted.
If your VM or Databricks cluster is in that same region,
you avoid Egress charges entirely.
The data stays local, the queries are faster and your bill stays low.
Let's look at two real scenarios to make this concrete.
Scenario one, you're a beginner pulling a small sample of weather data
into a Power BI dashboard, a few thousand rows,
maybe a few megabytes.
Your compute cost is zero because Power BI handles it.
Your Egress is zero because you're not moving much.
This costs you nothing beyond your Power BI subscription.
Scenario two, you decide to process all NYC taxi data for the last 10 years.
We're talking hundreds of millions of trips.
You spin up a large data bricks cluster to run the analysis.
You're paying for that cluster by the hour.
If you're in the wrong region,
you're also paying Egress on terabytes of data.
This can cost hundreds of dollars in compute alone.
Here's the simple takeaway.
Don't let the word free fool you into building wasteful pipelines.
Sample first, then scale,
pull a small subset of the data to explore.
Validate your approach.
Once you know what you're doing,
then scale up to the full data set.
That way you're not paying for expensive compute time
while you're still figuring out your code.
So that's Azure Open Data Sets.
It removes the biggest barrier for beginners.
Finding and cleaning data.
You get free, ready to use data sets in minutes.
You don't have to scrape anything.
You don't have to clean anything.
You just start using the data.
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Next time we'll pull weather data into a Python notebook, step by step.